Sociedad Ecuatorial de Quito, upon the equatorial line north of Quito, República del Ecuador (latitude 0°)
1832 January 12 London Royal Society retlhDaq Bakerian Lecture laDlu'DI', ngoDvam 'ang Michael Faraday qaH: tera' magnetism vegh vIHmoHlu'chugh conductor, qoDDajDaq electric current chenmoHlu'. currentvam SammeH Thames bIQDaq, magnetismvetlh veghtaHvIS bIQvetlh, Waterloo Bridgevo' wire QotmoHta' 'e' ja' je. current tu'be'chu'mo' yontaHbe' Faraday, 'ach current taH 'e' Honbe'.
ngoDvam tu' yejHaDvam: pianoforte harpsichord je SIrghmey luSIHHa'lu', 'ej conductor bIH; Hoch lupDaq vatlh puS logh tera' magnetism luvegh. vaj Faraday qaH mIwmo', Waterloo Bridge mach 'oH Hoch SIrgh'e'. mIwDaj wIlo' 'ej ngoDmeyvam DI'ang: magnetic HoS lurghDaq Qotbogh SIrgh He tlha'bogh current chenmoHlaHbe' vay', QommeH Hoch lurghDaq; SIrgh beQvaD lurghvam tu'laHlu' neH dip 'uD beQ DaqDaq; magnetic equatorDaq neH qaS wanI'vam, latlh DaqDaq qaSbe'. Machángara bIQtIq veghbogh wire wISIHHa'moHpu', 'ej pagh current wItu'pu' 'e' wIja'; pagh current taHbej 'e' wIHar. meridianDaq SIrghmey ghajbogh pianoforte meridian veghbogh lurghDaq SIrghmey ghajbogh pianoforte je patlhmoHghachmey DIja' je. vaj mawuq: equator neH 'oH tera' Daq'e', pa' jan SIrghmey cherlaHlu', Faraday qaH currentmey tlhabchu'moHmeH.
1. I. Faraday qaH tu'ghach
1832 bIrchoH poHDaq GuayaquilDaq Transactions ghItlhlu'bogh ghItlhmey pawDI', Republicvam paw Faraday qaH waHmey De'. Republicvam pong cherlu'pu' wej DIS ret: yejHaDvam ghommeH tlhegh pong laj Republic. Qulghach tetlhDaj wa'DIchDaq ngoDvam 'ang: wire vIHmoHlu'DI', magnet HoS pe'meH wire He, wireDaq electric current chenmoHlu'. tetlhDaj cha'DIchDaq, Bakerian Lecture mojbogh, magnet Da tera' 'e' 'ang. tera' magnetism vegh vIHbogh wireDaq, pagh magnetism qoDDaq jIrbogh copper beQDaq, current chenmoHlu', 'ej current 'ang galvanometer.
latlh qech chel; conductor 'oH bIQ'e', vaj tera' magnetism vegh bIQ vIHtaHvIS, bIQDaq current chenmoHnISlu' 'e' wuq. vaj wa' HeHvo' latlh HeHDaq HoS Hutlhbogh 'ul qengnIS Hoch bIQtIq. qechvam waHmeH Waterloo Bridgevo' copper wire tIq QotmoH, 'ej Thames qoDDaq metal beQmey ghIrmoH. JanuaryDaq jajmey puS qaStaHvIS galvanometer 'uD pImchoHghach bej. pImchoHghachmey tu'bogh meq 'oH beQmeyDaj pupbe'ghach'e', bIQ nIbHa'ghachmey je 'e' Har, 'ej Qapta' waHghach 'e' maqbe'. 'ach mIwDaj lonbe', 'ej wIlonbe' je.
2. II. Waterloo Bridge Da pianoforte
bIQtIqmey qel Faraday qaH. QoQ qel yejHaDvam, 'ej ngoDvam tu': QoQ janDaq Faraday qaH waHghach HoS law' ThamesDaq waHghach HoS puS, 'ej tInqu' pImghach.
pianoforte SIrgh 'oH iron pagh brass lu'uy'lu'bogh conductor'e'. mupmoHlu'DI', tera' magnetism vegh vIHmoHlu'; wa' lurgh ghoS, ghIq latlh lurgh ghoS. QoQ botlh patlh SIrghmey qellu'DI', Hoch lupDaq cha'vatlh pagh wejvatlh logh qaS; treblevaD latlh logh law' qaS. Faraday qaH mIwmo', Hoch juSghachDaq SIrgh He tlha'bogh current chenmoHnISlu'. vaj Qombogh porgh neH 'oHbe' SIrgh'e'; magneto-electricity QuQ mach 'oH. qengbogh currentvo' tlhabchu'laHbe' nobbogh wab, SIrgh vIHghachDaj 'oH current'e', 'ulDaq choHlu'bogh, 'ej SIrghvo' tlhaplu'bogh.
currentvam chenmoHnISlu'meH poH, chenmoHlaHbe'lu'meH poH je 'ang Faraday qaH mIwDaj. wire He tlha'bogh current chenmoH magnet HoS 'ay' neH, wire vIHghach pe'bogh. magnetic HoS lurghDaq Qotchu'chugh wire, QommeH Hoch lurghDaq HoSvetlh pe' vIHghachDaj, 'ej wire tIq HevaD right angleDaq 'oH pe'meH lurgh'e'; vaj wire He tlha'bogh current chenmoHlu'be'. vaj magnetic HoS lurghDaq cherlu'bogh SIrgh Faraday qaH currentmeyvo' tlhabchu'.
3. III. dip, equator je
magnetic HoS lurgh 'ang dip 'uD. Europe north 'ay'meyDaq ghIrqu'bogh lurgh 'ang: LondonDaq beQ lurgh bIngDaq SochmaH degrees tlhoS Qot 'uD, 'ej ParisDaq javmaH Soch degrees rurbogh angleDaq Qot. lurghvetlhDaq SIrgh cherlaHlu' neH rapbogh angleDaq SermoHlu'chugh. ParisDaq magnetic HoS lurghDaq SIrghmey ghajbogh pianoforteDaq, rav buSlu'chugh javmaH Soch degrees angle ghaj wab SeHwI' beQ; tera' ghoS treble, magnetic north lurghDaq. janmeyvam chenmoH Érard Pleyel je qaHpu' 'e' Harbe' yejHaD, 'ej janmeyvam much 'e' laj Paris be'pu' 'e' Harbe'.
equator ghoStaHvIS lengwI', machchoH dip, 'ej magnetic equatorDaq beQ 'uD. pa', pa' neH, beQ magnetic HoS; 'ej magnetic meridianDaq beQbogh SIrgh cherlu'chugh, HoS lurghDaq Qotchu'. Sepmeyvam lengtaHvIS 1802 DISDaq Quito juS Baron von Humboldt, 'ej Peru AndesDaq magnetic equator Daq juv; maHvaD loQ southDaq 'oH. dip 'uDDaj lo'taHvIS yejHaD, yaHmajDaq beQqu' tlhoS HoS 'e' Har, 'ej pImghach QoylaHbe' Hoch 'IjwI' 'e' Har.
vaj tera' Hoch Sepmey'e', equator neH 'oH Sep'e', pa' rav motlh beQDaq pianoforte motlh beQ cherlu'DI', Faraday qaH currentmeyvo' tlhabbogh SIrghmey cherlaHlu'. north south je lurghDaq SIrghmey QotmeH pianoforte jIrmoHlu'nIS neH.
4. IV. waHghachmey ta'lu'bogh
wa'DIch: bIQtIqDajDaq Faraday qaH waHghach ta'qa' yejHaD. veng bIngDaq Machángara bIQtIq vegh loSvatlh varas copper wire SIHHa'moHlu', 'ej cha' HeHDaq bIQ qoDDaq copper beQmey ghIrmoHlu'. Professor Schweigger pat mIw ghajbogh multiplierDaq rar wire. December wa'maH wa' jaj qaStaHvIS, poHmey pImDaq multiplier 'uD bej bejwI'pu'. bIQvo' beQmey woHlu'DI', pImchoHghachmey rap tu'lu'; beQmey qoDDaq pImchoHghach pIm tu'lu'be'. ThamesDaq pagh tu' Faraday qaH, 'ej beQmeyDaj pIch. MachángaraDaq pagh tu' yejHaD, 'ej beQmeyDaj pIchbe', tlheghDaq pagh pIHlu'nISmo'.
cha'DIch: yejHaD yaHDaq rav beQDaq jav octave pianoforte cherlu'; London chenmoHwI' jan 'oH. wa'DIch north south je lurghDaq SIrghmey Qot, ghIq east west je lurghDaq Qot. QoQ botlh patlh SIrgh cha' Dech multiplierDaq rar wiremey lang. 'uD bejtaHvIS bejwI'pu', SIrgh mupmoHlu'qa'taH. east west je lurghDaq SIrghmey QotDI', HochHom mupghachDaq 'uD Qomghach mach ja' wej bejwI'pu'vo' cha'. north south je lurghDaq SIrghmey QotDI', Hoch mupghachDaq pagh Qomghach tu' Hoch bejwI'.
wejDIch: Hoch jan DaqDaq Mozart QoQ 'ay' muchlu'; 'Ij wa'maH wa' yejHaD jeSwI'pu', 'ej lurgh lo'lu'bogh luja'be'lu'. wa'maH wa'vo' Soch jeSwI'pu'vaD north south je lurgh qaq law', latlh lurgh qaq puS; cha'vaD east west je lurgh qaq, 'ej cha'vaD pagh lurgh qaq 'e' ja'. Sochvetlhvo' vagh, qaqbogh lurghDaq wab gho rur law', latlh lurghDaq wab gho rur puS 'e' ja'; 'ej wej, wab HoS lojmeH poH nI' law', latlh lurghDaq nI' puS 'e' ja'.
qaqghach meq 'oH 'uD Qomghach'e' 'e' maqbe' yejHaD. wa' lurghDaq nItebHa' nargh qaqghach 'uD vIHbe'ghach je, 'ej equatorDaq lurghvetlhDaq 'ul vIHghach Hoch bot Faraday qaH mIw, 'ej latlh lurghDaq 'ul vIHghach chaw' mIwvetlh, 'ej lurghvetlhDaq neH nargh 'uD Qomghach 'e' tu' neH.
5. V. Europe bIQtIqmey
magnetic HoS dip ghajchugh Daq, Europe Hoch DaqmeyDaq ghajbogh dip rur, DaqvetlhDaq HoS vegh beQbogh bIQtIq vIHchugh, wa' HeHvo' latlh HeHDaq current chenmoHnISlu'. vaj ThamesDaq current nejmeH lugh Faraday qaH. ParisDaq Seine LondonDaq Thames je luvegh javmaH Soch degrees SochmaH degrees je dipmey; vaj mIwDajmo', civilised qo'Daq 'ul law'qu' ghajbogh bIQtIqmey tetlhDaq bIHnIS cha'vam'e'.
ngoDvam tu' yejHaD: bIQtIqmeyvam retlh Hopbe'bogh DaqmeyDaq vummeH Daqmeychaj pol Paris London je pianoforte chenmoHwI'pu' potlh. pagh pIch. ngoDvam tu' neH: Seine retlhDaq jan wab chenmoHlu'chugh, pa' conductor tIn, taHbogh, Faraday qaH current qengbogh tu'lu'; 'ej yejHaD De' qellu'chugh, wej currentvetlh juvta' vay' chenmoHwI'.
6. VI. wIvlu'bogh ngoDmey
ngoDmeyvam wuq yejHaD:
wa'DIch: tera' magnetism vegh vIHmoHlu'bogh conductor 'oH Hoch baS SIrgh Qombogh'e', vaj qoDDajDaq Faraday qaH current chenmoHnISlu'; magnetic HoS lurghDaq Qotchugh SIrgh, qaSbe' wanI'vam neH.
cha'DIch: magnetic HoS lurghDaq QotlaH beQbogh SIrgh neH dip 'uD beQ DaqDaq; magnetic equator 'oH Daqvetlh'e'. equatorvetlh retlhDaq Hopbe'qu' yejHaDvam yaH, vaj pImghach QoylaHbe' vay'.
wejDIch: equatorDaq magnetic meridianDaq, north south je lurghDaq, SIrghmey QotmeH, Hoch pianoforte, harpsichord, harp je cherlu'nIS. cherlu'bogh janmeyvam Faraday qaH currentmeyvo' tlhabchu'; latlh DaqDaq dip angleDaq jan SermoHlu'be'chugh, tlhabchu'laH pagh jan.
Waterloo BridgeDaq Faraday qaH waHghach naD yejHaD, 'ej batlh chup: equatorDaq waHghach ta'qa'jaj, pa' pagh tu', 'ej paghvetlh tu'mo' beQmeyDaj pIchnISbe'.
7. Digitisation ghItlh muchwI' QIn (2026)
Sociedad Ecuatorial de Quito Actas baghlu'bogh ghItlhmeyDaq pol ghItlhvam; 2026 DISDaq Spanishvo' mugh 'ej mI' De'Daq choH Equatorial Audio Qul 'ay'.
teH Faraday Bakerian Lecture, 1832 JanuaryDaq Waterloo BridgeDaq nIDghachDaj je, 'ej lugh ghItlhvam Delghach. lugh je yejHaD nger botlh physics. magnetic yotlh vegh vIHbogh conductor He tlha'bogh electromotive force cher vIHghach yotlh je 'ay', conductor pe'bogh; yotlh lurghDaq Qotchugh conductor, Hoch vIHghachDaq pagh forcevetlh. yotlh lurghDaq QotlaH wire beQ neH yotlh beQ DaqDaq; magnetic equator, dip equator ponglu'bogh je, 'oH Daqvetlh'e'. vatlh DIS poH cha'maHDIchDaq Faraday bIQtIq waHghach lugh 'e' tob QeD; juvlaHbogh electric magnetic je signalmey chenmoH ocean currentmey tides je 'e' 'anglu'. DaH orbitvo' ocean tides magnetic signature lutu' satellitemey.
QuitoDaq magnetic equator geographic equator je tlhoS Daq rap lughaj 'e' Har yejHaD. 1833 DISDaq pImghach mach law' DaHjaj pImghach mach puS. ghIq Daq choH dip equator, 'ej DaH Quito southDaq Hopbogh DaqDaq Andes vegh; 2003 DISDaq vIHghachvam wanI'mey qel wa'DIch Qel Ferro. Seine proximity compensation muchtaH Calibration Équatoriale Paris.