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DACs
Digital-to-analog converters. Input/output columns are connector counts (number of each jack).
Vendor spec, measurement agreesVendor spec, unverifiedIndependent measurementVendor claim disputed by measurement ⚠ inspect: conflict and/or normalized value Gold is a vendor figure: a fact — dimensions, driver/connector counts, supported formats — trusted and never disputed, or an unverified performance claim still awaiting independent measurement.
| HiFiBerry DAC2 Pro XLR ·2021 | $65 | · | 0.0022 | Burr-Brown PCM5122 | 192kHz/24-bit | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| HiFiBerry DAC2 HD ·2020 ◆2 | $109 | · | 0.0004 | Burr-Brown PCM1796 | 192kHz/24-bit | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Woo Audio TUBE mini ·2023 | $399 | · | · | ESS SABRE | 24-bit / 384 kHz | DSD256 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 0.049 | |
| Topping E70 Velvet ·2025 ◆1 | $449 | 121 | · | AKM AK4499EX + AK4191 | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 0.9 | |
| Bluesound NODE NANO ·2024 also: compact streaming DAC/preamp | $499 | · | 0.0007 | ESS ES9039Q2M | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD256 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1 | 0 | 0.57 | |
| Gustard X16 ◆1 | $499 | 122 | · | dual ESS ES9068AS | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | |
| SMSL DO300 ◆1 | $549 | 121 | · | ESS ES9039MSPRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | |
| Orchard Audio PecanPi+ DAC ◆2 | $550 | · | 0.00016 | AK4499EXEQ + AK4191EQ | 384kHz/32-bit | none (DSD converted to PCM) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Chord Electronics Mojo 2 ·2022 ◆1 | $650 | 103 | 0.0003 | Chord FPGA/WTA DAC | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 0 | 0 | 0.19 | |
| Denafrips Iris 12th | $650 | · | · | FPGA FIFO reclocking DDC | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | |
| Musician Audio Draco | $749 | · | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 0 | 3.5 | |
| Schiit Audio Bifrost 2/64 ·2022 | $799 ea | · | · | Texas Instruments DAC8812 x4 | 24/192 | none | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 2.3 | |
| Bluesound NODE ·2024 also: streaming DAC/preamp | $849 | · | 0.0007 | ESS ES9039Q2M | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD256 | · | · | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 0 | 1.09 | |
| SMSL SU-10 ◆1 | $899 | 122 | · | dual ESS ES9038PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Topping D90 III Sabre ·2024 | $899 | 123 | · | dual ESS ES9039SPRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 1.6 | |
| SMSL D400EX ◆1 | $959 | 123 | · | AKM AK4191 + dual AK4499EX | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 1.9 | |
| Musician Audio Pegasus II ◆1 | $1,099 | 102 | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 4.5 | |
| Denafrips Ares 15th ◆1 | $1,100 | 105 | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/24-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 0 | 3.5 | |
| NuPrime DAC-9X ·2021 | $1,199 | · | 0.0005 | ESS ES9028Q2M x2 | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | 2 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| RME Audio ADI-2 DAC FS ·2019 ◆1 ADI-2 | $1,299 | 112 | 0.00016 | ESS ES9028Q2M | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Topping DX9 ·2024 | $1,299 | · | · | dual AKM AK4499EQ | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 2.4 | |
| Woo Audio WA7 Fireflies (3rd Gen) ·2021 | $1,329 | · | · | ESS SABRE | 24-bit / 384 kHz | DSD256 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | 0 | 0 | 3.9 | |
| Mytek Audio Liberty DAC II ◆1 | $1,495 | · | · | ESS ES9038 | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Holo Audio Cyan 2 ◆1 | $1,498 | 106 | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 4.2 | |
| Gustard A26 | $1,499 | · | · | dual AKM AK4499EX + AK4191 | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Gustard X26 Pro ◆1 | $1,499 | 119 | · | dual ESS ES9038PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Woo Audio WA8 Eclipse | $1,519 | · | · | ESS SABRE | 24-bit / 384 kHz | DSD256 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1.09 | |
| Bluesound NODE ICON ·2024 also: streaming DAC/preamp | $1,599 | · | 0.0004 | 2x ESS ES9039Q2M | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 0 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 2.23 | |
| Schiit Audio Gungnir 2 ·2025 | $1,599 ea | · | · | Texas Instruments DAC8812C x4 | 32/384 | none | 2 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 5.4 | |
| Gustard R26 | $1,649 | · | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Benchmark Media Systems DAC3 B ·2017 ◆3 | $1,899 | · | 0.00022 | ESS ES9028PRO | 24-bit / 192 kHz (USB; coax up to ~210 kHz; optical to 96 kHz) | DSD64/DSD128 (DoP); native DSD via USB | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Chord Electronics Qutest ·2018 ◆1 | $1,995 | 112 | 0.0001 | Chord FPGA/WTA DAC | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 0 | 0.77 | |
| Marantz CD 50n ·2023 ◆1 CD also: network streamer + DAC | $2,000 | · | · | · | PCM 384kHz/32-bit | DSD11.2 (DSD256) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 10.3 | |
| Benchmark Media Systems DAC3 L ·2019 | $2,199 | · | 0.00022 | ESS ES9028PRO | 24-bit / 192 kHz | DSD64/DSD128 (DoP); native DSD via USB (2X/4X) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No | 2 | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Schiit Audio Yggdrasil ·2014 ◆2 | $2,299 | · | · | proprietary multibit DAC architecture | 24/192 | none | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 11.3 | |
| Denafrips Pontus 15th | $2,300 | · | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/24-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 8.5 | |
| Benchmark Media Systems DAC3 HGC ·2016 ◆3 | $2,399 | · | 0.00022 | ESS ES9028PRO | 24-bit / 192 kHz | DSD64/DSD128 (DoP); native DSD via USB (2X/4X) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No | 2 | 1 | 1.4 | |
| RME Audio ADI-2/4 Pro SE ·2023 ADI-2 | $2,499 | · | 0.00016 | latest 32-bit / 768kHz AD/DA converters | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | 0 | 1 | 1.2 | |
| Gustard X30 | $2,999 | · | · | ESS flagship DAC architecture | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Yes | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Ferrum WANDLA ·2023 ◆3 | $3,195 | · | 0.00018 | ES9038PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1.8 | |
| Musician Audio Aquarius | $3,199 | · | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 9.5 | |
| Weiss Engineering DAC204 | $3,495 | · | · | ESS Sabre DAC implementation | 384kHz/24-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | |
| Burson Audio Conductor Voyager ·2025 Voyager | $3,499 ea | · | 0.0005 | ESS9039PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | · | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | 7 | |
| Bryston BDA-3 ·2015 | $3,795 | · | 0.002 | AKM AK4490 x2 | 384kHz/32bit | DSD256 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | No | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| Denafrips Venus 15th | $3,900 | · | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/24-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Holo Audio Spring 3 KTE | $4,098 | 112 | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 8.5 | |
| Bryston BDA-3.14 ·2018 | $4,795 | · | 0.002 | AKM AK4490 x2 | 384kHz/32bit | DSD256 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | No | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| Mytek Audio Brooklyn Bridge II Roon Core 4TB ◆1 also: Roon Core streaming DAC/preamp/headphone amp | $4,995 | · | · | ESS ES9028PRO | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| McIntosh MDA200 ·2024 | $5,000 | · | 0.005 | · | 32-bit/384kHz (USB); 24-bit/192kHz (coax/optical); DXD 384k | DSD512 (USB) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 6.1 | |
| Linn Majik DSM also: all-in-one network music player with integrated stereo amplification | $5,950 | · | · | · | 384/24 | DSD256 | · | · | · | · | · | 1 | · | · | · | 5.7 | |
| Holo Audio May KTE ◆1 | $6,098 | 107 | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 18 | |
| Chord Electronics Hugo TT 2 ·2018 | $6,725 | · | · | Chord FPGA/WTA DAC | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 2.53 | |
| Bryston BR-20 ·2020 also: streaming DAC/preamp | $6,795 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 4 | · | · | · | · | |
| Bel Canto E1X-DC1 ◆1 | $6,800 ea | · | · | Texas Instruments PCM1792A | 24/192 | DSD via DoP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Denafrips Terminator 15th | $6,900 | · | · | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/24-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 19 | |
| T+A DAC 200 ◆1 | $6,900 | · | · | T+A True 1-bit DSD + PCM DAC architecture | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 6.8 | |
| exaSound s88 Mark II ◆1 | $7,599 ea | · | extremely low | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Linn Selekt DSM also: configurable network music player / DAC / preamp / integrated amp platform | $8,020 | · | · | Standard DAC, Katalyst DAC, or Linn Organik DAC | 384/24 | DSD256 | · | · | · | · | · | 4 | · | · | · | 8.05-10.85 kg Classic Hub; 9.5-12.3 kg Edition Hub | |
| Weiss Engineering DAC501 ◆1 | $10,495 | 113 | · | ESS Sabre DAC implementation | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 4.4 | |
| Berkeley Audio Design Alpha DAC Series 3 | $10,995 | · | · | Berkeley proprietary DAC/filtering implementation | 192kHz/24-bit | none | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
| MBL Cadenza C41 ·2024 ◆3 | $11,100 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Weiss Engineering DAC502 ◆1 | $11,495 | 113 | · | ESS Sabre DAC implementation | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 5.8 | |
| Audio Research DAC9 ◆3 DAC | $12,000 | · | 0.002 | quad D/A (dual stereo DACs per channel, mono mode) | 384 kHz (USB 2.0 HS) | DSD128 (2xDSD) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 14.6 | |
| Simaudio MOON 681 ·2023 ◆1 | $12,000 | · | 0.0003 | ESS ES9028PRO | 32-bit/384kHz | DSD256 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | No | 1 | 1 | 18 | |
| Mola Mola Tambaqui ◆2 | $13,400 | 117 | · | Mola Mola discrete DAC architecture | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 5.2 | |
| Chord Electronics DAVE ·2016 ◆1 | $14,000 | 112 | 0.000042 | Chord FPGA/WTA DAC | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| MSB Technology Discrete DAC ·2018 ◆1 | $14,500 | · | · | MSB discrete ladder DAC modules | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
| Bricasti Design M21 ◆1 | $16,500 ea | · | very low in sigma-delta mode | Analog Devices AD1955 plus resistor ladder/R2R mode | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Berkeley Audio Design Alpha DAC Reference Series 3 ◆1 | $24,995 | · | · | Berkeley proprietary DAC/filtering implementation | 192kHz/24-bit | none | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 11 | |
| LampizatOr Poseidon ◆1 | $29,500 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| MSB Technology Premier DAC ·2025 | $29,950 | · | · | MSB Prime DAC modules | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 12 | |
| EMM Labs DA2i ◆1 | $35,000 ea | · | · | EMM Labs MDAC2 discrete dual-differential DAC | 24/192; DXD on USB/network | up to 2xDSD on USB/network | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| CH Precision C1.2 DAC/Controller ◆1 | $36,000 ea | · | · | four PCM1704 chips per channel | 705.6/768 kHz upsampling | DSD via DoP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | Yes | · | · | · | |
| Linn Klimax DSM also: network music player / streaming DAC preamp | $48,230 | · | · | Linn Organik DAC | 384/24 | DSD256 | · | · | · | · | · | 4 | · | · | · | 16.4 | |
| Ideon Audio Absolute Epsilon ·2024 ◆2 | $49,900 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Kalista Mantax ·2023 ◆2 | $64,300 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| MSB Technology Reference DAC ◆1 | $89,950 | · | · | MSB hybrid ladder DAC modules | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | No | 1 | 1 | 25 | |
| CH Precision C10 ·2024 ◆1 | $95,000 ea | · | · | 16× PCM1704 (DSQ Phase Array) | · | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Aavik D-180 ·2021 | — | · | 0.005 | · | 24-bit/192 kHz | DSD128 | 1 | · | 2 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 0 | 5.4 | |
| Aavik SD-188 also: streamer/DAC with RCA analog output | — | · | · | · | 32-bit/768 kHz | DSD256 native; DSD128 DoP | 1 | · | 2 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 0 | 21 | |
| Accustic Arts TUBE DAC II Mk 3 ·2016 | — | · | 0.003 | · | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD64 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 12 | |
| Allnic Audio RD-7500 OTL/OCL DAC Digital · OTL/OCL | — | · | · | ESS ES9039PRO | 44.1-384 kHz | DSD64-DSD512; DoP up to DoP512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Aqua Acoustic Quality Formula xHD Rev. 2 | — | · | 0.016 | Proprietary Optologic D/A conversion system; pure R2R ladder FPGA-based architecture | 768kHz/24-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
| Aqua Acoustic Quality La Scala MkIII Optologic | — | · | · | Proprietary Optologic D/A conversion system; pure R2R ladder FPGA-based architecture | 384kHz/24-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Audio-gd NFB-11.28 Performance Edition also: DAC/headphone amp with variable or fixed RCA output | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2.2 | |
| Audio-gd R-27 MK2 | — | · | 0.03 | fully discrete R-2R ladder modules | 32-bit/384 kHz | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 12 | |
| Audio-gd R-8 MK3 | — | · | 0.01 | fully discrete R-2R ladder modules | 32-bit/384 kHz | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 12 | |
| Audio-gd R-8HE MK3 | — | · | 0.01 | fully discrete R-2R ladder modules | 32-bit/384 kHz | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 12 | |
| Audio Note (UK) DAC 5 Signature | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Audiolab D7 ·2025 | — | · | 0.001 | ESS ES9038Q2M | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 2 | 2 | 2 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 1.42 | |
| Audiolab D9 ·2025 | — | · | 0.001 | ESS ES9038Pro | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 4.2 | |
| Auralic Vega S1 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | · | · | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Aurender A1 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | · | AKM4499EX Quad | 768kHz | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Yes | 1 | 1 | 19.25 | |
| Aurender A1000 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | · | AKM4490REQ dual mono | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | · | 8.3 | |
| Aurender A15 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | · | AKM4490 dual mono | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 11.9 | |
| Aurender A20 also: streaming DAC/preamp with headphone output | — | · | · | AKM4497 dual mono | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | 1 | 2 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 14.2 | |
| Aurender A200 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | · | AKM4490 single stereo | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | · | 9.6 | |
| Aurender A30 also: streaming DAC/preamp with CD ripping | — | · | · | AKM4497 dual mono | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | 1 | 2 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 17 | |
| Aurender AP20 also: all-in-one streaming DAC/integrated amplifier | — | · | · | AKM4497 dual mono | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | 1 | 2 | · | · | · | · | · | 1 | 26 | |
| Ayon Audio CD-35 II ·2022 also: CD player/DAC | — | · | · | AKM Japan; fully symmetrical DAC configuration | 32-bit/768 kHz conversion; USB 24-bit/192 kHz input | DSD256 conversion; USB input to DSD128 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 17 | |
| Ayon Audio Kronos | — | · | 0.001 | AKM Japan; fully symmetrical DAC configuration | 32-bit/768 kHz | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 15 | |
| Ayon Audio S-10 II also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.002 | · | 32-bit/764 kHz | DSD256 conversion; USB PC to DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 12 | |
| Burson Audio Playmate 3 ·2024 | — | · | 0.0018 | ESS9039 | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | · | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | 3 | |
| Canor Audio Verto D3 Performance Line | — | · | 0.009 | 2 x ES9039Q2M (dual mono) | 24-bit / 768 kHz | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 12 | |
| Canor Audio Verto D4S ·2024 Foundation Line | — | · | 0.0005 | 2 x ESS9038Q2M (dual mono) | 24-bit / 768 kHz | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
| Canor Audio Virtus A3 ·2025 Performance Line also: all-in-one hybrid integrated amp with DAC and phono stage | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 18 | |
| CEC DA 0 3.0 | — | · | · | Universal DSP-controlled discrete resistor ladder | 32-bit / 384kHz | DSD128 / 5.6448MHz | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 21 | |
| CEC DA 5 | — | · | · | ESS ES9018K2M | 32-bit / 384kHz | DSD256 / 11.2896MHz | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
| dCS Bartok APEX ◆1 also: network streaming DAC | — | · | · | dCS Ring DAC APEX | 384kS/s/24-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 16 | |
| dCS Bartok APEX DAC with Headphone Amplifier also: network streaming DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | dCS Ring DAC APEX | 384kS/s/24-bit | DSD128 | · | · | · | · | · | · | Yes | · | · | 16.7 | |
| dCS Lina DAC X ·2025 ◆2 also: network streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | · | dCS Ring DAC | 384kS/s/24-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 14 | |
| dCS Lina Network DAC ◆1 also: network streaming DAC | — | · | · | dCS Ring DAC | 384kS/s/24-bit | DSD128 | · | · | · | · | · | · | Yes | · | · | 7.4 | |
| dCS Rossini APEX DAC ◆1 also: network streaming DAC | — | · | · | dCS Ring DAC APEX | 384kS/s/24-bit | DSD128 | · | · | · | · | · | · | Yes | · | · | 15.6 | |
| dCS Vivaldi APEX DAC ·2022 ◆2 | — | · | · | dCS Ring DAC APEX | 384kS/s/24-bit | DSD128 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 16.2 | |
| EAR Yoshino EAR Dac 4 EAR · Dac 4 | — | · | · | 2x Wolfson WM8741 | 192 kHz / 24-bit | DoP v1.0 over USB | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 8.5 | |
| Esoteric K-05XD also: SACD/CD player with digital inputs | — | · | · | Esoteric Master Sound Discrete DAC | · | DSD512 / 22.5MHz | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 20.7 | |
| Esoteric N-05XD also: network DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.0015 | Esoteric Master Sound Discrete DAC | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD512 / 22.5MHz | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 13.8 | |
| EverSolo DAC-Z10 ·2025 | — | · | 0.00008 | 2x AK4191 + 2x AK4499 | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Yes | 1 | 1 | · | |
| EverSolo DMP-A10 ·2024 ◆3 also: flagship streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.000078 | ES9039PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 2 | 2 | · | · | 1 | · | 3 | 1 | · | |
| EverSolo DMP-A6 Gen 2 ·2024 ◆1 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.00009 | 2x ES9038Q2M | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| EverSolo DMP-A6 Master Edition Gen 2 ·2024 ◆1 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.000087 | 2x ES9038Q2M | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| EverSolo DMP-A8 ·2023 ◆2 also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.00094 | AK4191EQ + AK4499EX | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| FiiO BTR17 also: portable Bluetooth DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 0.073 | |
| FiiO K11 R2R | — | · | · | FiiO-developed fully differential 24-bit R2R DAC | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 0 | · | |
| FiiO K17 also: desktop DAC/headphone amp/preamp | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| FiiO K19 also: flagship desktop DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| FiiO KA17 also: USB dongle DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| FiiO M23 also: portable Android digital audio player | — | · | · | AK4191EQ + AK4499EX | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| FiiO R9 also: desktop streaming DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | 2x ES9038PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Goldmund Eidos Excellence SACD ·2025 also: SACD/CD player with USB DAC input | — | · | · | · | 384/24 | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 17.2 | |
| Goldmund Eidos Reference SACD ·2021 also: SACD/CD player with USB DAC input | — | · | · | · | 384/24 | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 110 | |
| Goldmund Mimesis Excellence also: digital / analogue preamplifier with USB DAC input | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 11.5 | |
| Goldmund Mimesis Signature also: analogue and digital preamplifier with USB DAC input | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 15 | |
| Gryphon Audio Designs DAC3 ·2023 | — | · | · | ESS Sabre ES9039PRO | 384 kHz / 32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Gustard R26II | — | · | 0.003 | discrete R-2R ladder | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD2048 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 5.5 | |
| Gustard R30 | — | · | 0.0014 | · | 1536kHz/32-bit | DSD1024 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Gustard X26III | — | · | 0.0001 | dual ESS ES9039SPRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 7.5 | |
| Hegel D50 ·2025 | — | · | · | · | 32-bit / 384 kHz | DSD256 (DoP) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 6.6 | |
| iFi Audio iDSD Diablo 2 also: portable DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 0.46 | |
| iFi Audio iDSD Phantom also: streaming DAC/headphone amp | — | · | 0.005 | Quad DAC architecture using four Burr-Brown DACs | 768kHz | DSD512; DSD2048 with remastering | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 3.6 | |
| iFi Audio NEO iDSD 3 ·2026 | — | · | 0.0015 | Burr-Brown chipset | 768kHz | DSD512 / 22.6MHz | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 0.92 | |
| iFi Audio NEO Stream 3 also: streaming DAC | — | · | 0.0025 | Burr-Brown chipset | 768kHz | DSD512 / 22.6MHz | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | · | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| iFi Audio ZEN DAC 3 ·2024 | — | · | 0.0015 | Burr-Brown bit-perfect DSD/DXD DAC | 768kHz | DSD512 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 0 | 0.46 | |
| Jay's Audio DAC2-MK3 | — | · | · | Soekris dam1941-12 R-2R D/A module | 384kHz | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 15 | |
| LAB12 DAC1 Reference ·2020 | — | · | 0.15 | 8x multibit Philips DACs | 192 kHz/24-bit | · | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 7.5 | |
| LAB12 HPA also: tube headphone amp / preamp with USB DAC | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 6 | |
| Lindemann Limetree USB-DAC | — | · | 0.003 | ESS ES9038 Sabre | 768kHz/24-bit | DSD512 | 1 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 0.29 | |
| Lindemann Woodnote SOLO also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.0002 | · | 384kHz/24-bit | DSD256 | · | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 1.8 | |
| Line Magnetic Audio LM-32DAC Digital audio converter | — | · | · | ESS 9028Pro | 384 kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Matrix Audio ND-1 | — | · | 0.0002 | AK4191EQ + 2x AK4499EX | 768kHz/24-bit | DSD512 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 2 | 2 | 5.6 | |
| Metrum Acoustics Adagio | — | · | · | 4x Metrum DACTWO Transient chips per channel | up to 384 kHz via USB/I2S; coaxial and AES/EBU to 192 kHz; optical to 96 kHz | · | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Metrum Acoustics Jade | — | · | · | 2x Metrum DACTWO Transient chips per channel | up to 384 kHz via USB/I2S; coaxial and AES/EBU to 192 kHz; optical to 96 kHz | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Metrum Acoustics Onyx | — | · | · | 2x Metrum DACTWO Transient chips per channel | up to 384 kHz via USB/I2S; coaxial and AES/EBU to 192 kHz; optical to 96 kHz | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Metrum Acoustics Pavane | — | · | · | 4x Metrum DACTWO Transient chips per channel | up to 384 kHz via USB/I2S; coaxial and AES/EBU to 192 kHz; optical to 96 kHz | · | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Musical Fidelity M6x DAC ·2022 M6 | — | · | 0.0005 | 2x ES9038Q2M | 768/32 | DSD512 native; DSD256 DoP | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 6.9 | |
| Musical Fidelity M8x DAC ·2025 M8 | — | · | 0.001 | 2x ES9038Q2M | 768/32 | DSD512 native; DSD256 DoP | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 10.6 | |
| Musical Fidelity MX-DAC ·2015 MX | — | · | 0.003 | PCM1795 | 192/24 | DSD128 | 1 | 2 | 2 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 1.9 | |
| Musical Fidelity Nu-Vista DAC ·2024 Nu-Vista | — | · | 0.003 | 2x ES9038Q2M | 768/32 | DSD512 native; DSD256 DoP | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 21.5 | |
| Mytek Audio Brooklyn DAC+ | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Nagra Classic DAC II ·2023 Classic | — | · | 0.03 | · | DXD / high-resolution PCM | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 0 | 5 | |
| Nagra HD DAC X ·2019 HD | — | · | 0.005 | · | PCM/DXD via USB; internal conversion to DSD256 | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 30 | |
| Nagra Tube DAC ·2019 Classic | — | · | 0.02 | · | 384 kHz / 24-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Okto Research dac8 PRO ·2019 ◆1 | — | · | 0.00011 | ESS ES9028PRO | 32-bit / 192 kHz (USB and AES/EBU) | DSD128 / DoP64 (USB) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | · | 0 | · | 0 | 8 | 4.5 | |
| Pathos Acoustics Converto Mk2 | — | · | 0.01 | · | 384 kHz/32-bit | DSD128 | 2 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | |
| Playback Designs MPD-6 Edelweiss DAC | — | · | · | Playback Designs fully differential discrete DAC | 384kHz | DSD256 / 11.2MHz | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Playback Designs MPD-8 Dream DAC | — | · | · | Playback Designs discrete proprietary DAC | 384kHz | DSD256 / 11.2MHz | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Playback Designs MPS-6 Edelweiss Player also: SACD/CD player with DAC and optional streaming module | — | · | · | Playback Designs fully differential discrete DAC | 384kHz | DSD256 / 11.2MHz | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Playback Designs MPS-8 Dream Player also: SACD/CD player with DAC and optional Stream-X2 module | — | · | · | Playback Designs discrete proprietary DAC | 384kHz | DSD256 / 11.2MHz | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| Quad Artera Play+ ·2024 also: CD & disc players | — | · | · | ESS ES9018 32-bit DAC | 384kHz USB; 192kHz digital inputs/outputs | DSD256 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 8.5 | |
| Rockna Audio Wavedream DAC | — | · | · | Rockna RD-0/RD-1 discrete sign-magnitude hybrid ladder DAC modules | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 2 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 7.8 | |
| Rockna Audio Wavedream Reference Signature | — | · | · | Rockna RD-0 MK2 discrete R2R DAC modules x4 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Rockna Audio Wavelight PRE/DAC | — | · | · | R2R 25-bit + Hybrid mode | 384kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 7.25 | |
| Rotel DT-6000 ·2022 Diamond Series | — | · | · | ESS ES9028PRO | 384/32 | DSD256 / 11.2 MHz | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 8.11 | |
| Rotel Michi Q5 ·2024 Michi also: CD player/DAC with USB, coax, and optical inputs | — | · | · | ESS ES9028PRO | 384/32 | DSD256 / 11.2 MHz | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 23.5 | |
| Shanling EC Zero T also: portable CD player/DAC/headphone amp | — | · | · | 24-bit R2R DAC architecture | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 0.67 | |
| Shanling EH2 | — | · | 0.018 | · | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | · | 1 | 0 | 0.71 | |
| Shanling EH3 | — | · | 0.0004 | ESS ES9039PRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 2.8 | |
| Shanling MCD1.3 ·2024 also: CD player with USB DAC, local USB playback and headphone output | — | · | · | · | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 native | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 5.7 | |
| Shanling SCD1.3 ·2024 also: SACD/CD player with USB DAC and headphone output | — | · | · | AKM AK4499EX + AK4191EQ DAC system | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 native | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 5.7 | |
| Shanling SCD1.3R also: R2R SACD/CD player with USB DAC and headphone output | — | · | · | Shanling Pro R2R DAC | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 native | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 5.7 | |
| Shanling SCD3.3 also: reference SACD/CD player with USB DAC, Bluetooth and local USB playback | — | · | · | · | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 10 | |
| Shanling SM1.3R also: streaming/local-file R2R DAC with headphone output | — | · | 0.003 | R2R assembly | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 6.4 | |
| Shanling SM90 also: network/local-file DAC with HDMI ARC input | — | · | 0.00025 | 2x AKM AK4493SEQ | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 1 | 3.3 | |
| SMSL AO300 Pro AO also: DAC/headphone integrated amplifier | — | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1.5 | |
| SMSL DO100 Pro | — | · | · | dual ESS ES9039Q2M | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| SMSL DO400 | — | · | · | ESS ES9039MSPRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| SMSL SU-X SU | — | · | · | dual ESS ES9039MSPRO | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | |
| SMSL VMV D3R ·2026 VMV | — | · | 0.00013 | dual ROHM BD34302EKV | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | · | · | · | · | · | · | Yes | · | · | · | |
| Sonnet Digital Audio Morpheus MK-II | — | · | · | Two SDA-2 DAC modules per channel in differential mode | USB to 384 kHz; coaxial and AES/EBU to 192 kHz; optical to 96 kHz | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | No | · | · | 1 | 1 | 3.2 | |
| Sonnet Digital Audio Pasithea | — | · | · | Four SDA-3 DAC modules per channel in differential mode | USB and I2S to 384 kHz; coaxial and AES/EBU to 192 kHz; optical to 96 kHz | · | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | 1 | 1 | 3.5 | |
| Soulnote D-1 ver.2 Series 1 · ver.2 | — | · | · | · | 768kHz/32-bit | 22.6MHz (DSD512) | 1 | 2 | · | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Soulnote D-2 Series 2 | — | · | · | · | 768kHz/32-bit | 22.6MHz (DSD512) | 1 | 2 | · | 2 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 17 | |
| Soulnote D-3 Series 3 | — | · | · | · | 768kHz/32-bit | 22.6MHz (DSD512) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 28 | |
| Soulution 360 DAC | — | · | 0.0003 | 2 x PCM1792, mono configuration | 24-bit/384 kHz | DSD128 (DoP) | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
| Soulution 560 DAC | — | · | 0.002 | · | 24-bit/384 kHz | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | No | 1 | 1 | 20 | |
| Soulution 760 DAC | — | · | 0.0005 | · | 24-bit/384 kHz | DSD128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | Yes | 1 | 1 | 30 | |
| SPL Diamond Professional Fidelity | — | · | 0.001 | AKM AK4493 SEQ | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 3.15 | |
| SPL Director Mk2 Professional Fidelity | — | · | 0.0016 | AKM AK4493 SEQ | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD256 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | 4.55 | |
| T+A Symphonia also: streaming integrated amplifier / DAC | — | · | · | T+A dedicated PCM and DSD converter architecture | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1 | · | · | · | · | |
| Topping D90 III Discrete ·2024 | — | · | 0.00006 | · | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | · | 1 | 1 | · | |
| Topping D900 ·2025 | — | · | 0.000055 | · | 768kHz/32-bit | DSD512 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | · | 0 | 2 | 2.52 | |
| Totaldac d1-core | — | · | · | Discrete R2R ladder, Vishay foil resistors | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD via DoP option | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
| Totaldac d1-sublime ·2024 | — | · | · | Discrete R2R ladder, Vishay foil resistors | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD via DoP option | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 2 | 2 | 32 | |
| Totaldac d1-total also: streaming DAC | — | · | · | Discrete R2R ladder, Vishay foil resistors | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD via DoP | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Totaldac d1-triunity ·2023 | — | · | · | Discrete R2R ladder, Vishay foil resistors | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD via DoP option | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Totaldac d1-unity ·2024 | — | · | · | Discrete R2R ladder, Vishay foil resistors | 192kHz/24-bit | DSD via DoP option | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Verity Audio DAC/PRE ·2020 Electronics · Monsalvat-derived | — | · | · | · | 32-bit / 384 kHz | DSD64 / DSD128 / DSD256 | 1 | 1 | · | 1 | · | · | · | 1 | 1 | 18 | |
| WiiM Ultra also: streaming DAC/preamp | — | · | 0.00018 | ESS ES9038Q2M | 192kHz/24-bit | · | 0 | 0 | 1 | · | · | 1 | · | 1 | 0 | 1.42 |